Noruega fue condenada el año pasado en primera instancia por violar el artículo 3 de la Convención Europea de Derechos Humanos, al considerar que Breivik recibía un trato inhumano o denigrante y que éste había afectado a su estado mental, pero fue absuelta de conculcar el artículo 8 sobre el respeto a la vida privada, un fallo apelado por las dos partes.
El Tribunal de Apelación resaltó que medidas como los continuos cacheos desnudo o el uso de esposas en los primeros años de su condena, aunque criticables, eran necesarias por motivos de seguridad, al igual que el régimen de aislamiento al que está sometido, por lo que no se puede hablar de trato denigrante.
Las autoridades penitenciarias han introducido además medidas compensatorias para fomentar el contacto con funcionarios y personal contratado, lo que se adapta a las necesidades del reo, explicó el tribunal, que invitó no obstante a que se pruebe también la posibilidad de que interaccione con otros presos.
La justicia Noruega ha condenado este viernes a Anders Breivik a 21 años de cárcel prorrogables, su pena máxima, por los atentados que costaron la vida a 77 personas en Oslo y la isla de Utoya.
Aunque el aislamiento conlleva una carga psíquica considerable, "no existen claras indicaciones de que Breivik sufra daños por el régimen de condena", ha afirmado el tribunal, para quien el ultra "aún está muy marcado por su universo extremista y político".
El Tribunal de Apelación ha considerado también que el estricto régimen está justificado por la existencia de "un alto riesgo" de que Breivik planee acciones violentas en el futuro. Asimismo, se adapta al margen discrecional del Estado en su lucha contra el terrorismo o su prevención.
Uno de los helicópteros capta la imagen del asesino disparando en la isla de Utoya.
Breivik, un preso privilegiado
El primer fallo, contra Noruega y que ahora queda desautorizado, obligaba al Estado a pagar las costas del juicio, denunciaba la duración del aislamiento a la que está sometido el reo (más de cinco años), las limitadas posibilidades de queja y que no se tuviera en cuenta su salud mental, además de condenar la falta de alternativas para alguien que vive "en una cárcel dentro de la cárcel".
Sin embargo, afirma el fiscal general, Fredrik Sejersted, "Breivik es por desgracia un preso VIP en muchas cosas y se han destinado grandes recursos para planear su condena". El fiscal ha recordado que dispone de tres celdas de 10,5 metros cuadrados, televisión, prensa y una consola.
Sejersted, que asumió la dirección del caso en el segundo juicio, acusó al primer tribunal de poner "bajísimo" el umbral para considerar que se ha violado el artículo 3 y calificó a Breivik de "un mentiroso" que trata de manipular a los jueces.
Rightwing extremist Anders Behring Breivik, who killed 77 people in twin attacks in Norway last year, makes a farright salute as he enters court on April 16, 2012, for his trial which begins today. Right-wing extremist Anders Behring Breivik made a farright salute as he entered the Oslo district courtroom Monday, where he goes on trial for killing 77 people in twin attacks last July. /AFP
Defendant Norwegian mass killer Anders Behring Breivik (C) has his handcuffs removed after arriving for his trial in a courtroom in Oslo April 16, 2012. The terrorism and murder trial against Breivik, who has confessed to the bomb and shooting attacks that killed 77 people in Norway in July 2011, begins in Oslo on Monday. REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch (NORWAY - Tags: CRIME LAW IMAGE OF THE DAY TOP PICTURE) / REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch
Public prosecutor Svein Holden (L) shakes hands with psychiatrist Torgeir Husby during the first day of the trial against Anders Behring Breivik in Oslo, April 16, 2012. The terrorism and murder trial against Norwegian mass killer Anders Behring Breivik, who has confessed to the bomb and shooting attacks that killed 77 people in Norway in July 2011, began in Oslo on Monday. REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch (NORWAY - Tags: CRIME LAW) /REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch
Anders Behring Breivik has his handcuffs removed as he arrives for the first day of his trial in Oslo, April 16, 2012. The terrorism and murder trial against Norwegian mass killer Anders Behring Breivik, who has confessed to the bomb and shooting attacks that killed 77 people in Norway in July 2011, began in Oslo on Monday. REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch (NORWAY - Tags: CRIME LAW TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY) /REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch
Norwegian judiciary are pictured in the courtroom during the first day of trial of Anders Behring Breivik in Oslo, April 16, 2012. The terrorism and murder trial against Norwegian mass killer Anders Behring Breivik, who has confessed to the bomb and shooting attacks that killed 77 people in Norway in July 2011, began in Oslo on Monday. REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch (NORWAY - Tags: CRIME LAW) /REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch
Rightwing extremist Anders Behring Breivik, who killed 77 people in twin attacks in Norway last year, confirms his name and date of birth at his trial opening in Oslo courtroom on April 16, 2012. Breivik told the Oslo District Court Monday that he did not recognise its legitimacy. Since Breivik has already confessed to the deadliest attacks in post-war Norway, the main line of questioning will revolve around whether he is criminally sane and accountable for his actions, which will determine if he is to be sentenced to prison or a closed psychiatric ward. AFP PHOTO / POOL / Hakon Mosvold Larsen / AFP PHOTO / POOL / Hakon Mosvold Larsen
Rightwing extremist Anders Behring Breivik, who killed 77 people in twin attacks in Norway last year, makes a farright salute as he enters the Oslo district courtroom at the opening of his trial on April 16, 2012. Breivik told the Court that he did not recognise its legitimacy. Since Breivik has already confessed to the deadliest attacks in post-war Norway, the main line of questioning will revolve around whether he is criminally sane and accountable for his actions, which will determine if he is to be sentenced to prison or a closed psychiatric ward. AFP PHOTO / ODD ANDERSEN /AFP PHOTO / ODD ANDERSEN
Police officers guard an entrance to the courtroom where defendant Norwegian mass killer Anders Behring Breivik is standing trial, in Oslo April 16, 2012. The Norwegian anti-Islam militant who massacred 77 people last summer arrived at a Oslo courthouse under heavy armed guard on Monday, making what he has called rightist salute and saying he did not recognize the authority of the judges. REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch (NORWAY - Tags: CRIME LAW) /REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch
Defendant Norwegian mass killer Anders Behring Breivik shakes hands with psychiatrist Agnar Aspaas (L) after arriving for his terrorism and murder trial in a courtroom in Oslo April 16, 2012. The Norwegian anti-Islam militant who massacred 77 people last summer arrived at a Oslo courthouse under heavy armed guard on Monday, making what he has called rightist salute and saying he did not recognize the authority of the judges. REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch (NORWAY - Tags: CRIME LAW) /REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch
Members of the media watch as rightwing extremist Anders Behring Breivik, who killed 77 people in twin attacks in Norway last year sits in the Oslo district courtroom at the opening of his trial on April 16, 2012. Breivik told the Court that he did not recognise its legitimacy. Since Breivik has already confessed to the deadliest attacks in post-war Norway, the main line of questioning will revolve around whether he is criminally sane and accountable for his actions, which will determine if he is to be sentenced to prison or a closed psychiatric ward. /AFP
Defendant Anders Behring Breivik listens to his lawyer Geir Lippestad (L), during the first day of his trial in Oslo, April 16, 2012. The terrorism and murder trial against Norwegian mass killer Anders Behring Breivik, who has confessed to the bomb and shooting attacks that killed 77 people in Norway in July 2011, began in Oslo on Monday. REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch (NORWAY - Tags: CRIME LAW) /REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch
Defendant Norwegian mass killer Anders Behring Breivik waits for his terrorism and murder trial to start, in a courtroom in Oslo April 16, 2012. The Norwegian anti-Islam militant who massacred 77 people last summer arrived at a Oslo courthouse under heavy armed guard on Monday, making what he has called rightist salute and saying he did not recognize the authority of the judges. REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch (NORWAY - Tags: CRIME LAW ) /REUTERS/Fabrizio Bensch
File photo of Norwegian anti-immigration militant Anders Behring Breivik, arriving at a court hearing in Oslo February 6, 2012. Breivik faces trial April 16, 2012, on terrorism and murder charges for two attacks that killed 77 people on July 22, 2011. Breivik, 33, who has admitted detonating a bomb that killed eight people at government headquarters in Oslo, then killing 69, mostly teenagers, in a gun massacre at a Labour Party summer camp on Utoeya island, has denied criminal guilt, saying he did what was necessary to prevent his country's cultural destruction. TO GO WITH STORY NORWAY-TRIAL (PREVIEW) REUTERS/Lise Aserud/Scanpix Norway (NORWAYCIVIL UNREST - Tags: CRIME LAW) NORWAY OUT. NO COMMERCIAL OR EDITORIAL SALES IN NORWAY NORWAY OUT. NO COMMERCIAL OR EDITORIAL SALES IN NORWAY. NO COMMERCIAL OR BOOK SALES. NORWAY OUT. NO COMMERCIAL OR EDITORIAL SALES INNORWAY /REUTERS
Las quejas del asesino
Este juicio de apelación, resuelto a favor del Estado, se ha celebrado en el gimnasio de la cárcel de Skien (sur de Oslo), donde cumple condena Breivik.
El ultraderechista, por su parte, denunció la falta de contacto humano y que solo se le permita interactuar con funcionarios y profesionales, además de asegurar por primera vez que el régimen penitenciario le ha hecho mella y le ha radicalizado más.
"Me he mentido a mí mismo antes, el aislamiento me ha hecho daño.La radicalización es una consecuencia. No he sufrido pocos daños, sino muchos, y eso empezó en Ila (cárcel en la que estuvo hasta 2013 antes de pasar a Skien)", ha dicho en el juicio.